Traceroute
From your Windows computer:
While logged on to the Internet, open an MS-DOS prompt ("Command") and type "tracert," followed by the URL you want to track, like this:
tracert www.cnet.com
Press Enter. You'll get a complete report on your signal's route. When you finish with your tracing, type exit at the command prompt to close the MS-DOS window.
Looking Glass Links
Looking Glass servers are computers on the Internet running one of a variety of publically available Looking Glass software implementations. A Looking Glass server (or lg server) is accessed remotely for the purpose of viewing routing info. Essentially, the server acts as a limited, read-only portal to routers of whatever organization is running the lookingglass server.
Netmask Translation Table

If you've created your own web page and wish to have it found by the Internet search engines, try these links:
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Submit Express
Sitemap Generator Free for 2000 pages
XML Sitemaps Create a free sitemap for your website to enable search engines to add your site quicker and easier.

Shareware and Freeware Internet Programs

Note: Most files are in .ZIP compressed format. If you don't already have either PKUNZIP or WinZIP to unzip (decompress) these files, try using the 16-bit or 32-bit versions of WinZip.

Average Download Times

Download times on the Internet can vary widely, depending on modem speed, distance to the remote site, traffic on the Internet at the time of the transfer, phone line conditions, and capability of the remote site. Keeping that in mind, here is a tool for estimating how long it might take to download a file using a variety of connection options. A realistic value for normal internet usage (average filesize less than 25KByte) is 50% overhead.
Note: 'Cable Modem' speeds vary between 64 Kbps & 2 Mbps depending on service

Shortened Explanation of Terms

Bandwidth (8 bits = 1 byte)

Digital Powerline (DPL)

(For more information see HomePlug Powerline Alliance)

1.06496 Mbps (133,120 bytes per second)

T1, DS-1 or 1.5-DSL

(For definition see Webopedia's Dictionary T-1
(or the T-1 Organization

1.536 Mbps (192,000 bytes per second)

Wireless 2.4M

(For more information see
Wireless Application Protocol Forum
WI-Fi

2.400 Mbps (300,000 bytes per second)

T2 or DS-2

(For definition see Webopedia's Dictionary T-2

6.144 Mbps (768,000 bytes per second)

Satellite - Commerical

24.00256 Mbps (3,000,320 bytes per second)

Trans-European TEN-34

34.08 Mbps (4,250,000 bytes per second)

Ultraband Cable

(For more information see Advent Networks

40.0 Mbps (5,000,000 bytes per second)

T3 or DS-3

(For definition see Webopedia's Dictionary T-3)

44.736 Mbps (5,592,000 bytes per second)

T4 or DS-4

(For definition see Webopedia's Dictionary T-4)

274.176 Mbps (34,272,000 bytes per second)

Optical Carrier

OC-1

(1 DS-3, 28 DS-1, 672 DS-0)
51.84 Mbps (6,480,000 bytes per second)

OC-3

(3 DS-3, 84 DS-1, 2016 DS-0)
155.52 Mbps (19,440,000 bytes per second)

OC-9

(9 DS-3, 252 DS-1, 6048 DS-0)
466.56 Mbps (58,320,000 bytes per second)

OC-12

(2 DS-3, 336 DS-1, 8064 DS-0)
622.08 Mbps (77,760,000 bytes per second)

OC-18

(18 DS-3, 504 DS-1, 12096 DS-0)
933.12 Mbps (116,640,000 bytes per second)

Gigabit Optical Networks

OC-28

(4 DS-3, 672 DS-1, 16.128 DS-0)
1.244 Gbps or 1244.16 Mbps (155,520,000 bytes per second)

OC-36

(36 DS-3, 1008 DS-1, 24,192 DS-0)
1.866 Gbps or 1866.24 Mbps (233,280,000 bytes per second)

Fiber Optics, Fiberless Optics/Laser

For more information on Fiberless Optics/Lasers see
Ciena, Cisco, Corning, CyOptics,
JDS Uniphase, Juniper Networks, Lucent,
Optical Micro-Machines,
Sycamore Networks, TeraBeam etc.

OC-48

(344 DS-1, 32,256 DS-0)
2.488 Gbps or 2488.32 Mbps (311,000,000 bytes per second)

OC-192

(192 DS-3, 5376 DS-1,129,024 DS-0)
9.953 Gbps or 9953.28 Mbps (1,244,000,000 bytes per second)

OC-768

40 Gbps or 40000 Mbps (5,000,000,000 bytes per second)

OC-3072
160 Gbps or 160000 Mbps (20,000,000,000 bytes per second)

Terabit Optical Networks

DWDM
Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

10 Tbps or 10400000 Mbps (1,300,000,000,000 bytes per second)

Petaflops (1015)

For more information see

NASA - High Performance Computing

TerraGrid 13.6 Teraflops

For more information see

Teragrid, Global Grid Forum or Globus

Fastest Supercomputers
Teraflops (1012)

For more information see

TOP500 Supercomputer Sites

World Clock

Web Information Links

Internet E-Mail / Sendmail:

E-Mail Remailers:

Cookies Information:

Internet Tools

HTML and Web Pages

Shareware and Freeware Internet Programs

Average Download Times

Shortened Explanation of Terms